U.S. entities receive CAGE codes automatically through SAM.gov registration, while international entities must obtain NCAGE codes prior to SAM registration. CAGE codes are issued by the Defense Logistics Agency at no cost, while NCAGE codes come from NATO or NSPA. Both codes identify suppliers in federal procurement systems. U.S. codes issued after August 26, 2016 require renewal every five years. International businesses face additional documentation requirements for successful registration. Further exploration reveals critical compliance considerations for maintaining eligibility.
Understanding the Basics: CAGE vs. NCAGE Codes
Every entity doing business with the U.S. federal government must have a unique identifier code, which differs based on geographic location. The Commercial and Government Entity (CAGE) Code is a five-character alphanumeric identifier assigned to facilities within the United States and its territories.
Unique identification is mandatory for all U.S. federal contractors through a five-character CAGE Code assigned to domestic facilities.
For entities located outside the U.S., the NATO Commercial and Government Entity (NCAGE) Code serves as the equivalent identifier. This system standardizes supplier identification across all federal defense and government agencies.
Both codes fulfill the same fundamental purpose: uniquely identifying commercial and government entities in procurement, acquisition, and logistics processes.
The Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) assigns CAGE Codes to domestic entities, while NCAGE Codes are issued by NATO member nations or the NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA).
Despite their different issuing authorities, both codes maintain the same five-character format and are integrated into the CAGE master file. These codes are essential for tracking businesses globally and have no associated costs for companies seeking to obtain them. When registering in SAM.gov, entities receive both a CAGE/NCAGE code and a Unique Entity Identifier for complete government verification.
Step-by-Step Registration Process for Domestic and Foreign Entities
When initiating the registration process for a CAGE or NCAGE code, entities must follow distinct pathways depending on their geographical location. The process differs considerably between U.S. and international businesses.
For U.S. entities, CAGE code assignment occurs automatically during SAM registration. After submitting entity information in SAM.gov, the system forwards details to the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), which assigns the CAGE code at no cost. This streamlined process requires no additional action unless the DLA requests more information. The initial registration period typically takes several days to weeks for completion.
Both domestic and international registrants must provide thorough documentation including:
- Physical address validation documents
- Legal business name
- TIN/EIN (for U.S. entities)
- Banking information with routing numbers
- Business size and ownership details
All entities must maintain active SAM registrations to guarantee CAGE/NCAGE codes remain valid. It’s important to note that virtual locations, PO boxes, and mail forwarding addresses are not valid addresses for SAM registration purposes. The CAGE code is needed for access to federal government contracts and procurement opportunities.
Renewal Requirements and Compliance Considerations for Global Businesses
Maintaining a valid CAGE or NCAGE code requires ongoing attention to renewal requirements, which vary based on when the code was issued and the entity’s location.
U.S. entities with CAGE codes obtained after August 26, 2016, must renew every five years, while codes issued before this date don’t expire, though SAM registration must remain current.
International businesses face similar requirements but must maintain compliance with U.S. federal regulations when conducting business with American government agencies.
The renewal process begins by logging into SAM.gov and proceeding to the “Register/Update Entity” section.
Post-renewal, organizations should regularly verify their CAGE code status, particularly after organizational changes like mergers.
Maintaining accurate information prevents procurement delays and guarantees continued eligibility for federal contracts and grants across global operations. Organizations should establish compliance monitoring systems to track expiration dates and avoid registration lapses.
Entities must ensure their SAM registration is actively renewed annually to avoid disruptions in eligibility for government contracts while their CAGE or NCAGE code remains valid.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I Have Multiple Cage/Ncage Codes for Different Business Locations?
Yes, organizations can maintain multiple CAGE/NCAGE codes for different physical locations under one legal entity. Each code corresponds to a specific physical address or facility, enabling distinction between separate business units or locations.
This arrangement requires:
- Legitimate physical addresses for each location
- Separate SAM registration with supporting documentation for each code
- Compliance with administrative requirements for each registered location
Virtual addresses or mailboxes typically do not qualify for separate codes.
How Quickly Is a Cage/Ncage Code Assigned After Application?
CAGE Codes are typically assigned approximately 4-5 business days after SAM application approval.
Once an entity registration is submitted and processed in SAM.gov, the system automatically forwards the information to the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), which manages the assignment process.
The assignment occurs as part of the standard workflow, and entities receive notification via email once their CAGE Code has been assigned and added to their registration record.
Can I Transfer My Cage/Ncage Code to Another Business Entity?
CAGE/NCAGE codes cannot be transferred between business entities. These codes are uniquely assigned to specific legal entities at particular physical addresses.
When business structures change through mergers or acquisitions, the process involves deactivation of old codes and assignment of new ones, not transfer.
For entity changes, businesses must submit legal documentation to update their SAM.gov registration.
Each distinct business entity must maintain its own unique CAGE/NCAGE code to guarantee proper identification in government contracting.
What Happens if My Cage/Ncage Code Information Becomes Outdated?
When CAGE/NCAGE code information becomes outdated, entities may lose their ability to do business with the U.S. federal government due to inactive SAM registration.
Outdated information prevents proper identification in procurement systems, excludes entities from automated bidders lists, and disrupts facility clearances.
CAGE codes obtained after August 26, 2016 require renewal every five years.
To remedy this situation, entities must update their information through their SAM account or NATO CAGE portal for international entities.
Are Cage/Ncage Codes Required for All Types of Government Funding?
Yes, CAGE/NCAGE codes are required for virtually all types of federal government funding.
Any entity—including businesses, nonprofits, educational institutions, and individuals—must obtain these codes to receive federal contracts or grants.
These requirements apply to:
- Direct federal contracts
- Federal grant programs
- Research funding
- Cooperative agreements
- Other federal financial assistance
Without a valid CAGE/NCAGE code and active SAM registration, entities cannot receive federal funds or participate in government contracting opportunities.